Russian does have some similar prepositions and prepositional phrases to those of English, but how the preposition is used, which preposition it is, even whether or when one is used can be different in ways that lead to spoken English errors if a student tries to directly translate from Russian. PrepositionsĮnglish has 60-70 prepositions and each preposition can have multiple meanings. If the unspecified noun begins with a vowel, or a silent letter “h” you use the indefinite article “an”.Īny owl at all is just one of many symbols of wisdom.Īrticles appear in just about every English language sentence, go ahead and read back over this article…articles (talking the grammar kind now) are just about the most often used words in English! 3. You use the indefinite article “a” to generalize the noun “book”.īecause: maybe you don’t have a title in mind Well that could be any old book, you didn’t specify, it’s A book. Maybe you talked about this specific book with the person you’re speaking to You use the definite article “the” to make the noun, “book” more specific. That’s not any old book we’re talking about, it’s THE book. The English language has 3 articles, 1 definite article, “the”, and 2 indefinite articles, “a” and “an”.
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Your spoken English will sound stilted and blunt without the proper articles. There are no articles in Russian, but articles are important in English. The English progressive is most similar to the Russian instrumental case which expresses a transitory state. The past and future concepts DO exist but are, for example, expressed with a suffix “om” added to the word doctor. You wouldn’t say, “I am a doctor” in Russian, you would simply say “I doctor”. “To be” in Russian simply means to exist. These errors in grammar arise because the verb form “to be” doesn’t really exist in Russian. Russian students of English will use the present simple for all the progressive tenses often adding “once” to the past progressive, and “want” to the future progressive. Will/ going to are used to express future actions. It is the form of helping verb, “to be” that expresses the tense. You form the progressive with a form of “to be” + an “ing” ended verb. The English present progressive, past progressive, and future progressive all show actions that are still in progress. Instead of: I will have traveled 100 thousand miles by the end of next year. Russian ESL students will again mistakenly use the present simple tense when they should use the future perfect.Įxample: I travel 100 thousand miles by end next year. Instead of: I had wanted to go before summer ended.ģ. Students mistakenly use the present simple tense instead of the past perfect. Russian ESL students will mistakenly use the past simple tense instead of the present perfect.Ģ. The English present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses all talk about completed actions and are formed with have/has + the verb’s past participle.The perfect and progressive tenses are an issue for Russian students. However, English has 2 verb tenses that use auxiliary, or helping, verbs along with the main verb to express more complex details of time and mood in a sentence-these 2 tenses are the perfect and the progressive. Russian ESL students have a fairly good grasp of most of the English tenses. The verb beginnings and/or endings change to communicate aspect. The aspect used essentially tells whether an action is completed (perfective), or incomplete (imperfective).
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Russian has 3 tenses, the past, present, and future, and 2 aspects, the perfective and imperfective. Russian ESL students have several grammar issues they need to address to improve their English language fluency-the top 3 are: 1.
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The 3 Grammar Issues Russian ESL Students Need to Tackle Russian ESL students often arrive in the US feeling confident in their English language skills-who wouldn’t with YEARS of study under their belt? Unfortunately, the teaching methods of most native Russian instructors do not seem to focus enough on the following grammar issues when it comes to English. The language courses most often taken are, English, German, and French. It’s compulsory for Russian students to study a foreign language beginning as early as the second or fifth grade.